Domestic electricity demand in October 2025 was at a five-month low of 4,268 GWh. However, the country continued to maintain high export levels (245 GWh). Renewable energy sources ranked first in electricity production with 1,896 GWh, while lignite reached a three-month high with 195 GWh. In the first 10 months of 2025, we had record electricity production from gas (19,079 GWh) and record exports (1,932 GWh). However, clean energy sources (RES and big hydro) dominated with a total production of 25,306 GWh, despite RES cuts estimated at 1,837 GWh for the 10-month period.
This analysis concerns electricity production across the entire territory of Greece and is based on the latest available monthly data from the Independent Power Transmission Operator (IPTO) for the interconnected grid (October 2025) and from the Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator (HEDNO) for the non-interconnected islands (October 2025). In addition, we use data from HEDNO for low and medium voltage, as well as for the installed capacity of self-production systems (April 2025). Data from the Renewable Energy Special Account bulletin of the Renewable Energy Sources & Guarantees of Origin Operator (DAPEEP) (September 2025) are used to calculate more accurately CHP production at low and medium voltage, as well as for the PV utilization factors needed to estimate self-production. Finally, for the wholesale electricity market we use price data of the Day-Ahead Market from ENTSO-E. You can read in more detail about our methodology here.
October
In October 2025, renewables (mainly wind and solar) ranked first in electricity production with 1,896 GWh, despite a 22.2% decrease compared to September and a 17.6% decrease compared to October last year.
Fossil gas was in second place, just behind RES, with 1,887 GWh. Compared to the previous month, it increased by 5.9%, while compared to October 2024, it increased by 28.7%.
In third place after gas was oil with 286 GWh, down 19.6% from September. This was followed by large hydro plants with 248 GWh, down 13% compared to September, but up 39.2% compared to October last year.
Lignite, with 195 GWh, recorded an increase of 88% compared to September and had almost double the production compared to October last year (65 GWh). 63% of lignite production came from Agios Dimitrios III, IV and V, with the remainder coming from Ptolemaida 5.
Total domestic demand fell to 4,267 GWh, a five-month low but comparable to last October’s levels. However, compared to September, domestic demand fell by 9.2%.
In terms of the interconnection balance, Greece was a net exporter with 246 GWh of exports for the sixth consecutive month and for the ninth month out of ten in 2025. Compared to the previous month, exports fell by 7.9% but compared to October last year, they quadrupled (+336.8%).
The average price on the wholesale electricity market in October 2025 rose by 21% compared to the previous month, reaching 112.3 €/MWh. Compared to October last year, the price increased by 24.6%, reflecting the increased production from fossil fuels.
The first ten months of the year
Comparison of sources
In the first ten months of 2025, renewables led the way in electricity production with 22,568 GWh cumulatively and a decade high, while they also increased by 5.5% since the same period last year.
Fossil gas followed with 19,079 GWh cumulatively, marking a high and a 12.6% increase over the first ten months of 2024.
The country’s net exports were also at an all-time high, reaching 1,932 GWh for the first ten months of 2025, almost tripling the corresponding performance in 2024 (752 GWh).
Oil ranked third in electricity production after renewables and gas, with 3,228 GWh. This was followed by large hydro with 2,738 GWh, the lowest ten-month production in the last five years. Lignite came in last with 2,111 GWh and the lowest ten-month electricity production on record, 11.6% less than the previous ten-month low in 2024.
Shares of energy sources in meeting demand
Domestic electricity demand in the first ten months of 2025 reached a total of 47,807 GWh, very close to the levels of the same period in 2024 (48,007 GWh, -0.4%). However, domestic electricity production reached 50,787 GWh, an increase of 5.7% compared to 2024 and a historic high, which is related to the historic high in exports for this period.
Renewables once again had the largest share in meeting demand with 47.2%, marking a record-high for the first ten months of the year.
Fossil gas ranked second, covering 39.9% of demand and also reaching its highest level of the decade for this period.
Oil followed in third place after renewables and gas, covering 6.8% of total demand — and more than 90% of demand on the non-interconnected islands.
In the last two places were large hydro plants with a share of 5.7% and lignite with a share of 4.4%, the lowest share in meeting demand for this period of the year.
Changes in the shares of energy sources in demand coverage
Comparing January–October 2025 with the same period in 2024, the largest shifts were observed in cross-border electricity exchange and gas. Gas increased by a total of 2,131 GWh, while the interconnection balance shifted by 2,685 GWh towards net exports.
RES increased by 1,175 GWh for the first ten months, thanks to increased solar PV generation. Indicatively, high-voltage solar PV output during this period reached 3,900 GWh (+1,750 GWh from 2024), while production from high-voltage wind generation decreased by 598 GWh, reaching 8,186 GWh for the ten-month period.
Large hydro plants, lignite, and oil decreased by 370 GWh, 278 GWh, and 174 GWh respectively during the 10-month period.
In summary, it appears that the increase in renewables was more than sufficient to offset the decline in production from large hydro, lignite and oil (-822 GWh in total), while part of the additional renewable output was exported to neighboring countries. However, the contribution of electricity from gas to net exports was even greater, as the increase in gas (2,131 GWh) accounted for the largest part of the change in the interconnection balance (2,685 GWh).
The corresponding percentage changes in the first ten months of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, were:
Lignite: -11.6 %
Fossil gas: +12.6 %
Renewables: +5.5 %
Large hydro: -11.9 %
Net imports: -356.6 %
Oil: -5.1 %
Demand: -0.4 %
Comparison of clean energy with fossil fuels
In the first ten months of 2025, clean energy sources (wind, PV, hydro, biomass, self-generation) with a total production of 25,306 GWh remained in first place, surpassing fossil fuels (fossil gas, lignite, oil) and reaching a historic high for this period.
Fossil fuels had a total production of 24,419 GWh, reaching levels comparable to the same period in 2022.
Clean sources met 52.9% of demand, with the difference from fossil fuels being 887 GWh, lower than in the same period in 2024 (1,761 GWh), due to the fact that the increase in electricity generation from gas was greater than that from RES (+12.6% compared to +5.5%).
Energy curtailment from RES
Based on the combination of forecasts shown in the ISP2 and ISP3 solutions of the consolidated planning process of the IPTO, RES curtailments in October reached 51.7 GWh, or 2.7% of the total RES generation. They were also comparable to July’s curtailments (58 GWh) but only 1/3 of last year’s curtailments during October (155.4 GWh). Thus, October is so far the only month in 2025 where curtailments were lower than those of the same month in 2024.
The day with the highest curtailments was Sunday October 5th 2025, with a total of 13.5 GWh. Most RES curtailments in October occurred between 11am and 2pm.
Cumulatively, in the first ten months of 2025, an estimated 1,837 GWh—or 7.5% of total RES generation—was rejected, more than double the RES curtailments during the same period in 2024 (854 GWh). Notably, the total estimated RES curtailments in the ten-month period of 2025 (1,837 GWh) were close to the total lignite-based electricity generation over the same period (2,111 GWh), total exports (1,932 GWh), and the increase in electricity generation from gas (2,131 GWh) between the ten-month period of 2025 and the same period in 2024.
With regards to hours with zero or negative[1] prices in the wholesale electricity market, there were 50.7 hours in October 2025, while in the first 10 months of 2025, the total number of hours with zero or negative prices reached 440.75 hours, more than double the same amount in the first ten months of 2024 (186 hours).
[1] We assume as zero all prices that are less than 0.05 €/MWh.
