In April 2025, for the first time after six consecutive months, the net interconnection balance ended in net imports of 433 GWh. At the same time, electricity generation from gas fell in a 17-month low with 1,103 GWh. Thus, the average monthly price in the wholesale electricity market (89.1 €/MWh), was the lowest since May 2024. RES production reached 1,960 GWh, despite curtailments of 172 GWh, showing a decline compared to March (15.6%).
This analysis concerns electricity production across the whole territory of Greece and is based on the latest available monthly data from the Independent Power Transmission Operator (April 2025) for the interconnected grid and from the Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator (HEDNO) for the non-interconnected islands (March 2025). In addition, we use the most recent data from HEDNO for low and medium voltage, as well as for the installed capacity of self-production systems (March 2025). The data from DAPEEP’s Renewable Energy Special Account bulletin up to April 2025 are used to calculate more accurately CHP production at low and medium voltage, as well as for the PV utilization factors needed to estimate self-production. Finally, for the wholesale electricity market we use hourly price data of the Day-Ahead Market from ENTSO-E. You can read in more detail about our methodology here.
The month of April
In April 2025, renewables (mainly wind and solar) continue to be in the lead in electricity production with 1,960 GWh, despite the drop compared to March (15.6%)
Fossil gas continued the downward trend that started last month, falling 27% (407 GWh). At 1,103 GWh electricity production from fossil gas was the lowest in 17 months (since December 2023). Also, the decrease in gas generation in April is comparable to the change in the interconnection balance (from 36 GWh exports in March to +433 in April).
Lignite also had a downward trend with 141 GWh and a 20.7% drop compared to March. Large hydro remained at levels similar to March with 194 GWh.
Total domestic demand fell by 6.8% compared to last month, ending at 4,074 GWh and a new minimum for 2025.
The interconnection balance picture changed in April, ending with Greece having net imports of 433 GWh. This had not happened since September 2024, as net exports were recorded in the previous six months. The disruption of the Greece-Italy interconnection contributed to this change, as Italy is the country to which Greece exports the largest quantities. Indicatively, according to ENTSO-E data, in 2024 net exports to Italy averaged 119 GWh per month.
The average price on the wholesale market (89.1 €/MWh) was the lowest since May 2024, a 15.9 % decrease compared to March 2025.
The first four months of the year
Comparison of sources
Despite a decline in fossil gas and an increase in renewables this month, with 7,427 GWh for the first four months, gas has the highest cumulative electricity generation in the last decade. However, renewables having recorded 7,247 GWh, have narrowed the gap with gas considerably.
Lignite, with a production of 1,267 GWh, was in third place and at levels similar to 2024 for the same period.
As in the first quarter of the year, oil came in third place with 928 GWh and the highest electricity production in the last three years. This was followed by large hydro with 855 GWh for the first four months, resulting in the lowest generation in five years for this period.
In terms of the interconnection balance, despite recording net imports for the month of April, cumulatively for the first four months of 2025, Greece was a net exporter of electricity with 425 GWh, a high for at least the last decade.
Shares of sources in meeting demand
Electricity demand in the first four months of 2025 was 17,826 GWh.
Renewables took the lead in meeting demand with a 43.6% share, halting the upward trend of gas that had begun in early 2025. Fossil gas came in second place covering 41.7% of demand.
Lignite ranked third with a 7.1% share, similar to the same period last year. Continued limited production from large hydropower plants, limited their share of demand coverage for this period with 4.8% of demand, the same as in the first quarter of the year.
The share of oil remained at 5.2% of demand, as its contribution to non-interconnected islands remained unchanged. However, we expect reductions in this share from next month, thanks to the new interconnection of the mainland with Crete starting in May.
Changes in the sources of demand coverage
Comparing the first quarter of 2025 with the same period of 2024, there is a decrease in renewables (-354 GWh, 4.4%) and large hydro (-300 GWh, 26%). As in March, the decrease in renewables appears to be primarily due to a decrease in wind generation. Indicatively and with reference only to high voltage, we note that wind generation decreased by -641 GWh compared to the first quarter of 2024, while PV generation increased by +496 GWh in the same period.
Demand increased by +563 GWh (3.3%). Lignite and oil had small changes, with an overall increase of +29.5 GWh.
Fossil gas had the largest change of all sources, increasing +1,994 GWh (36.7%) compared to 2024. Specifically, growth in as was 776 GWh higher than the cumulative increase in demand and decrease in clean sources (renewable and large hydro). In the same period, we had an increase in net exports of +806 GWh. We see therefore that the increase in gas was largely to cover exports and not to compensate for a decrease in production from renewables or an increase in domestic demand
The corresponding percentage changes in the first four months of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, were:
Lignite: +0.8%
Fossil gas: +36.7
Renewables: -4.4%
Large hydro: -26%
Net imports: -212%
Oil: +2.1%
Demand: +3.3
Comparison of clean energy with fossil fuels
In the first four months of 2025, fossil fuels (fossil gas, lignite, oil) covered 54% of demand, the highest share in the last six years. Also, the share of fossil fuels had not exceeded 50% since 2021. Fossil gas plays a key role in this picture as it is the main fossil fuel that has seen a rise in 2025.
However, in the first four months of 2025 the gap between clean energy and fossil fuels decreased compared to the first quarter of 2025. Fossil fuels had a total generation of 9,624 GWh, while clean sources (wind, PV, hydro, biomass, self-generation) followed with 8,622 GWh cumulatively for this period.
Energy curtailment from RES
According to the forecasts of the consolidated planning process published daily by ADMIE, RES curtailments in high voltage during April reached 343 GWh and 565 GWh cumulatively for the first four months of 2025.
Compared to corresponding curtailments forecast for April 2024 (259 GWh), which was the highest monthly of last year, this month’s curtailments increased by 32.5 %.
