In June 2025, renewables (RES) ranked first in electricity production with 2,507 GWh, despite significant curtailments (352 GWh – 12% of total monthly RES production). Domestic electricity demand reached 5,094 GWh, +22% compared to May. Nevertheless, the average market price remained low at 85.4 €/MWh. During the first half of the year, lignite covered just 5.2% of domestic demand – the lowest share in a decade. In contrast, gas-fired generation reached a ten-year high (10,925 GWh), while net electricity exports were also high (783 GWh).
This analysis concerns electricity production across the entire territory of Greece and is based on the latest available monthly data from the Independent Power Transmission Operator (IPTO) for the interconnected grid (June 2025) and from the Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator (HEDNO) for the non-interconnected islands (April-May-June 2025). In addition, we use the most recent data from HEDNO for low and medium voltage, as well as for the installed capacity of self-production systems (April 2025). Data from the Renewable Energy Special Account bulletin of the Renewable Energy Sources & Guarantees of Origin Operator (DAPEEP) (April 2025) are used to calculate more accurately CHP production at low and medium voltage, as well as for the PV utilization factors needed to estimate self-production. Finally, for the wholesale electricity market we use hourly price data of the Day-Ahead Market from ENTSO-E. You can read in more detail about our methodology here.
The month of June
In June 2025, renewables (mainly wind and solar) ranked first in electricity production totaling 2,507 GWh, marking an increase of 13% compared to May 2025 and an increase of 10% compared to June last year.
Fossil gas ranked second with 2,040 GWh, up 39% from May 2025, but at similar levels to June 2024 (2,038 GWh).
Large hydro output increased by 37% from the previous month, reaching 352 GWh, a high for 2025. However, it remains 9% below June 2024 levels (387 GWh).
Lignite at 66 GWh had the lowest monthly electricity generation for 2025, but also for the last eight months. Ptolemaida 5 was responsible for most (93%) of the electricity generated from lignite.
Total domestic demand reached 5,094 GWh, up 22% compared to May 2025, but down 7% compared to June last year.
In terms of the interconnection balance, Greece maintained an export position in June with net exports totaling 218 GWh, up 56% compared to May.
The average price on the wholesale energy market in June 2025 was 85.4 €/MWh, remaining low thanks to high electricity production from renewables. So far, in 2025, the annual average price on the wholesale energy market stands at 106.5 €/MWh, mainly due to high prices in the first quarter of 2025. In the second quarter, average monthly prices on the energy market were below 90 €/MWh.
The first six months of the year
Comparison of sources
In the first half of 2025, RES ranked first in electricity generation with a total of 12,435 GWh, thanks to the gradual increase recorded in May and June. Compared to the same period last year, there was a marginal increase (12,354 GWh), resulting in a plateau for 2025.
Fossil gas, totaling 10,925 GWh for the first six months of 2025, recorded its highest cumulative generation in the last decade. At the same time, Greece recorded its highest net exports in the last decade, at 783 GWh.
Oil, with a total of 1,576 GWh for the first half of the year, ranked third in electricity generation after RES and fossil gas. Large hydro and lignite were at similar production levels, at 1,463 GWh and 1,413 GWh, respectively. Lignite production for the first half of the year reached a ten-year low.
Large hydro was down compared to the first half of 2024 (1,810 GWh), while lignite remained at similar levels compared to the same period last year (1,498 GWh).
Shares of sources in meeting demand
Electricity demand in the first half of 2025 reached 27,038 GWh, up just 0.8% compared to the first half of 2024.
Renewables covered 46% of demand, recording the second highest share after 2024.
Fossil gas came in second, covering 40.4% of demand and continuing its downward trend that started in March.
Oil came in third at 5.8%, after a small increase this month to meet demand on non-interconnected islands. Large hydro followed with a 5.4% share, and lignite was last at 5.2%, a decade low for meeting demand in the first half of the year.
Changes in the sources of demand coverage
Comparing the first half of 2025 with the first half of 2024, fossil gas recorded the largest increase of +1,769 GWh. During the same period, the country’s interconnection balance shifted from net imports to net exports, with an increase of +1,125 GWh for the first half of the year. Demand increased by +218 GWh, while RES also saw a small increase of +82 GWh, mainly due to the increase in electricity generation in June.
Large hydro, lignite and oil all saw a drop in the first half of 2025 compared to the first half of 2024; -347 GWh, -86 GWh and -75 GWh, respectively.
The significant increase in fossil gas generation in the first half (+1,179 GWh) was mainly driven by the increase in net exports (+1,125 GWh) and increased electricity demand (+218 GWh), and secondarily due to the decrease in production from large hydro (-347 GWh), lignite (-86 GWh) and oil (-75 GWh).
The increase in RES this semester is mainly due to increased production from photovoltaics, which offset the decline in wind production in 2025 compared to 2024. Indicatively, production from photovoltaics connected in high voltage increased by +909 GWh, while production from wind in high voltage decreased by -681 GWh.
The corresponding percentage changes in the first five months of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, were:
Lignite: -5.7 %
Fossil gas: +19.3 %
Renewables: +0.7 %
Large hydro: -19.2 %
Net imports: -328.7 %
Oil: -4.5 %
Demand: +0.8 %
Comparison of clean energy with fossil fuels
In the first half of 2025, production from clean sources (wind, PV, hydro, biomass, self-generation) was only 15 GWh less than the production from fossil fuels (fossil gas, lignite, oil).
Specifically, clean sources had a total production of 13,898 GWh cumulatively for the half-year period, covering 51.4% of demand (27,038 GWh). On the other hand, fossil fuels had a total production of 13,913 GWh, covering 51.5% of demand for the first half of 2025.
Energy curtailment from RES
Based on the combination of forecasts shown in the ISP2 and ISP3 solutions of the consolidated planning process of the IPTO, RES curtailments in June reached 352 GWh. This means that 12.3% of the June 2025 RES generation was rejected. In comparison, the corresponding June 2024 curtailments were only 59.5 GWh, accounting for 2.5% of the respective monthly RES generation.
Most RES curtailments in June occurred between 10am and 3pm, while the day with the highest curtailments was Sunday June 1st, 2025, with a total of 32.7 GWh.
Cumulatively, in the first half of 2025, 1,327 GWh or 9.6% of total RES generation was rejected. This is more than double the RES curtailments of the same period of 2024 (513 GWh) and one and a half times the curtailments of the entire year of 2024 (899 GWh).
